Art of casting structures.



B. A. GUSTER.

- ART OF CASTING STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.9,190B.

922,753 Patented May 25, 1909. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. d

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TNESSES INYENTUH A TTOIIWEV.

EHA. GUSTER. ART or CASTING STRUCTURES.

- APPLICATION FILED DEO.9,1908. 922 753 Patented May 25, 1909.

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UNiTtED SATES @FFTQ.

EDGAR ALAN CUSTER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE CU STER SANDLESS CASTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

ART OF CASTING- STRUCTURES.

To all whom it may concern:

Be-it known that I, EDGAR ALAN OUs'rER,"

a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Philadelphia, in-the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Casting Structures, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation generally to the art of casting a structure around a permanent sectional core within a permanent sectional mold to provide a structure in particular in a homogeneous condition and either soft or hard, as may be re 'uircd the same embracing developments of the art of casting metal structures forming the subject-matter of U. S. Letters Patent No. 870,817, granted to me under date of November 12th, 1907, and also embodying salient features'involving principles of my application for U. S. Letters Patent filed by me under date of April 7th, 1908, Serial No. 425,672, and,of a further application filed by me,. under date of November 28th, A. D. 1908, Serial No. 464,927, in which basically the invention of those applications as well as the present invention is predicated upon the fact that molten iron when allowed to cool slowly separates the carbon into two forms free or graphitic carbon and combined carbon. The amount of graphitic carbon present in iron depends upon the rate at which it is cooled. Grap itic carbon, in molten iron, when cooled slowly, tends to segregate before the iron reaches the point at which it sets. Graphitic carbon forms very quickly, and when the iron is cooled the free carbon divides into two forms, graphitic and annealing. The difference between the two is simply a difference in form, because both have the same chemical characteristics, thus demonstrating that if molten iron is suddenly chilled to the point, at which it sets, the formation of graphitic carbon in the iron is prevented and consequently all or nearly all the carbon existsin a combined state. This is equally true in respect to the action of sulfur and phosphorus in the iron and consequently segregation of these elements is prevented in the same said manner. The formation of annealing carbon in iron and of carbid carbon begins after the iron has passed the setting point and such action can only take place when the iron is permitted to cool. nor- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed December 9, 1908.

Patented May 25, 1909.

Serial No. 466,614.

mally, so that if a structure be cast in the defined manner, that is, chilled suddenly from the molten state to the point at which it sets, and is then allowed to cool slowly at normal atmospheric temperature or at an established falling temperature, undesirable actions as segregation and formation of graphitic carbon are prevented and desirable actions as formation of annealing carbon and carbid carbon regularly begin. These actions produce with certainty a thoroughly homogeneous product with such changed molecular conditions as to give either a soft or hard or tough product, as may be desired.

My invention broadly considered, consists in casting molten metal into a structure in a permanentsectional mold around a permanent sectional metal core by chilling suddenly the molten metal around the core within the mold to the point of setting in a structure, removing the core and then opening the mold so as finally to remove the structure ,cast, in order to allow the same to cool, whereby is obtained, a resultant homogeneous cast structure.

My present invention will be more fully understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming art hereof, illustrating means for carrying into effect practically as well as efficiently the method of my said invention, in which Figure 1, is a view in section and in elevation, of a two-part vertical, permanent metal mold, and permanent metal core as to one form in two-parts for a special use of a general embodiment of=;means for carrying into effect the method underlying the principle of my invention of producing homogeneous east structures, and this View also showing means or devices for releasing the core from the permanent twoipart metal mold and opening 'the mold. ig. 2, is a top or plan view of the two-part permanent metal mold.

Fig. 3, .is an elevational view of the two-part permanent metal core for the making of castings, in this instance by reason of the shape or form thereof, a T-fitting for pipe. Fig. 4, is a transverse sectional view, broken away, and partly in elevation, of the metal core on the line a, a, of Fig. 3, to show certain detailed constructive arrangements of such type of metal-core. Fig. 5, is a front elevational view of so much of thetransverse secmeans broadly, for casting homogeneous: Fig. 6, 1s a sectional structures therein. view, in dotted outline of another type of permanent two-part metal mold and in elevation difierent angular and vertical sec tions of a permanent metal core, for use in producing cast metal structures in such a' mold and with means for turning or shifting the core-sections. Fig. 7, is aside elevational view of Fig. 6. Fig. 8, is a sectional view in dotted outline of still another type of mold and a permanent sectional metal core with means for permitting of the detaching of the'core sections and turning or shifting the'same.

Referring to the drawings, 6 represents one section of a vertical permanent sectional metal mold, hinged at a, a, to each other, and internally provided with a cylindrical or other shape, central cavity a with a bottoni went a inclines a, and 0, in the top, and a pour-hole a", having an internal channelwaywith branches a and a".

a 'anda are rods projecting from the mold-sections for engaging a clamping eye:

bar a," thereto, for example, asclearly illus-,

trated in Fig. 2, or any other means for holding the sections of themold in their pro er relation, while allowing more or less rigi ity due to spring of the bars (1 a.

The permanent twoart mold-6, may be of any interior formatlon depending upon the character of the structure to be cast therein.

7, in Figs. 1 to 5, is the ermanent sectional metal core, which conslsts of a flanged tapering cylindrical structure b, having a transverse"opening b in the flanged portion of the same, for inserting a bar, not shown, for turning the core 7, by means of the same about the surface of the incline a/{ or a of the mold top to loosen the core within the mold so as. to readily permit of being released from the-structure cast within the mold around the same, when the two parts are in a closed position. Moreover, this is only one of many. ways which may be resorted to for releasing the said core 7. In the tapering wall of the metal core, as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5, are provided partitioned recesses b, b, for centering and locking thereto the transverse section 7 of the metal core to the vertical section 7, as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, and to also permit instantly, ifdesired, after pouring the molten metal, the dismembering of the .core sections, that is, first the transverse section 7, from the section 7, and then the latter by means of a bar inserted in the opening I), by

shifting along one of the inclines a or a, of-

the mold 6, to permit quickly of the opening of the mold sections to release the structure cast therefrom.

In Figs. 6 and 7, the mold 6 consists of straight and angular-shaped sections with a complementahshaped sectional metal core 7", having enlarged or flanged ends, one *b", oi

which, is formed integral with the unflapged portion of the core while the others aredetachably connected with the unflanged angular portions of the same, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. The detachable flanged portions or heads I), b, of the angular sections 5 b are made internally tapering at 'b, through which extend from unflanged angular portions drawing rods b", for not only withdrawing the centered and locked an ular sections 1) b from the'vertical section but also to turn the released angular sections when drawn away from the vertical section b, to thereby readily permit of the releasing of the vertical section from the sectional mold by inserting crosswise a bar, notshown, inthe aperture '1), of the flanged head of the coresection, and then turning to readily lift the core from the mold 6 The manner of centering the angular sections b 1), of the core to the vertical section b, may be accomplished by the provision of partitioned recesses b 6 as already described, with respect to a similar arrangement illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, with res ect to the cores when arranged as therein il ustrated.

In Fig. 8, the permanent sectional mold 6, is the same in general character, as already described, with respect to Figs. 6 and 7, save as to shape and likewise the ermanent metal sectional core, except that t e base section 0, is provided with a tongue 0 fitting a recess a, of the curved or elbow-section c of the core withan eye 0 for releasing the same. The tongue section 0, is first removed and by means of the drawing rod b, the curved or elbow-section a is then turned and the flanged and tapering hollow internal section either moved or released from the mold so that the mold can then be opened and the structure cast removed therefrom, for cooling.

It has been found by extended practice of before fully explained, almost the instantafter the molten metal has been oured around such a core within the mold t at by (llllliclily releasing the core and then opening t e mold while the structure cast is still hot, and exposing to the surrounding atmosphere or teen established falling temperature the molecular conditions of the iron in such structure cast is so established throughout,

as to be absolutely homogeneous, thus estab- 1 lishing a diiferent principle in the production of cast iron structures to what has hitherto been obtained by the old sand molding.

near/es which consists in chilling suddenly molten metal to the point of setting against a sectional metal core in a sectional metal mold, removing the core and then opening the mold, and finally allowing the cast structure to cool, substantially as and for the purposes described. c

2. The art of making cast structures,

which consists in chilling suddenly molten metal to the point of setting against a sectional metal core in a'sectional metal mold,

turning and removing the core and then opening the mold, and finally, freeing the cast structure from said mold to hasten cooling of the cast structure, substantially as and.

for the purposesdescribed.

3. The art of making cast structures} which consists in chilling suddenly molten metal to the point of setting against a sectional metal core within a sectional metal mold, removing the sections of said'core and then partingone section of the mold from the other and finally, removing thecast structure into the atmosphere, substantially as' and for the purposes described.

4. The art of makin homogeneous cast structures, which consists in chilling suddenly molten metal to the point of setting in a sectional metal mold about a sectional -metal core, removing sections of said core,

then freeing the sections of said mold and finally, cooling the cast structure in-the atmosphere to fix the established homogeneous condition of the cast structure, substantially as described.

5. The artof making homogeneous cast structures, which consists in chilling suddenly molten metal to the point of setting in a structure around a sectional metal core Withina sectional metal mold, removing the sections of the core after first turning the same within the set structure and then opening the sections of the mold, and finally, removing the cast structure timed'with respect to an established falling-temperature, sub-7- stantially as and for the purposes described.

6. The. art of casting homogeneous cast structures, which consists in chilling suddenly molten metal to the point of setting in a structure around a sectional metal core Within a sectional metal mold, removing the core sections, then parting the sections of the mold, and finally, removing the cast structure at a falling, temperature; substantially as and for the purposes described.

In witnesswhereof, l have hereunto set my signature. in'the presence of two subscribing witnesses,

' EDGAR ALAN @USTER. Witnesses:

J. WALTER DoUGLAss, THOMAS M. SMITH.. 

